While 1,000 days may seem like a long time, it’s a critical period in your child’s development. From the time you conceive to your child’s second birthday, the nutrition you and your child receive is vitally important in determining good health, both now and in your child’s future.
继续阅读以了解有关“最初1000天”的更多信息，以及孩子在生命的头两年中如何影响他们未来的发展。
最初的1000天是什么？
The first 1,000 days begins at conception to 2 years of life (or 24 months) when your child’s brain, body and immune system grow and develop significantly. Incredibly, your child’s brain will double in size in the first year of life and reach成人大小的90％by kindergarten.
孩子的大脑发展和适应环境的方式有助于他们成长为那种人。正确的饮食或怀孕期间的营养and early childhood will help your child’s learning, physical skills and emotions to develop properly.
“在整个怀孕和产后，需要关键营养素，以确保适当的生长和发展。”横幅 - 图森大学医学中心。“Astonishingly, if there are gaps, this can result in developmental and cognitive problems but also impact psychiatric health.”
Being hungry or exposed to stress during the first 1,000 days can have a lifelong effect on their physical health later in life, including high blood pressure and heart disease. “Poverty,safety and substance abusein infancy can also interfere with a child’s growth,” Dr. Valentine said.
另一方面，如果您的孩子在最初的1000天内收到过多的错误食物或营养，这也可能导致终身问题，例如体重问题，diabetes或心脏问题。
哪些营养对于我孩子的发育至关重要？
To ensure your child receives enough calories, proteins and nutrients – both in utero and early in childhood – here are some critical nutrients:
- 维生素A：支持孩子的细胞，主要器官和视觉
- B维生素：支持孩子的大脑，发育，消化和神经系统
- Vitamin K:提供防止出血的保护
- Choline:有助于防止出生缺陷并支持大脑发育
- 特定的脂肪（长链多不饱和脂肪酸，二十六烯酸或DHA）：正确的脂肪帮助大脑发育，免疫力和视力
- Glucose:supports your child’s metabolism and growth
- Protein:支持孩子的组织和器官，尤其是他们的大脑
- Zinc：支持细胞生长，大脑发育和免疫系统
- 铜：帮助您孩子的心脏，血管，骨骼和神经系统
- 铁：assists with brain development and lowers risk for cognitive effects, such as learning disabilities, but gaps have also has been associated with depression and autism
- Selenium:支持子宫里孩子的健康和发展
- Iodine:支持大脑发育
How to get nutrients pre-pregnancy and pregnancy
“A healthy baby starts with a healthy parent, so talk to your health care provider and get early prenatal care,” Dr. Valentine said. Your lifestyle habits, diet and physical and mental well-being all have an effect on the long-term health of your child.
重要的营养素您应该专注于diet and supplements是：
[还请阅读“怀孕期间要吃什么食物。”]]
如何在婴儿期获取营养
如果你可以的话，母乳喂养。当涉及到孩子的大脑发育和终身健康益处时，母乳为您提供无与伦比的好处。它可以帮助建立您的小家伙的免疫力，降低其疾病的风险，并为他们提供最佳开始。Valentine博士建议寻找营养丰富的食物和补充剂 - 人乳的成分取决于饮食中的其他营养素，包括：
重要的营养素您应该专注于diet and supplements are:
- 维生素A。
- β类胡萝卜素
- B Vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, B6, B12
- Choline
- 维生素D
- dha
- Inositol
- Iodine
If your unable to母乳喂养or can’t breastfeed, have no fear. Formula-fed babies can still get proper nutrition during the first 1,000 days with iron-fortified infant formula.
如何在童年时期获取营养
Complementary feeding of a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, single grains and protein-rich and iron-rich foods is recommended around 4 to 6 months of age.The American Academy of Pediatrics和美国农业部建议引入常见的过敏原，例如鸡蛋，小麦和坚果在此期间，它可以通过训练来帮助指导您的孩子的免疫系统，从而将潜在的过敏性食物识别为安全。
“Introducing your child to a variety of foods, tastes and textures is an important step in building a more adventurous eater,” Dr. Valentine said. “However, nuts should be safely consumed when advised by your health care provider because they can be a choking hazard.”
Here is a list of key nutrients you should focus on along with food suggestions:
- 维生素A：cooked dark green leafy spinach or kale, dark red, orange, yellow veggies, peppers, sweet potatoes, carrots and squash
- B维生素：强化面包和谷物
- Choline:collard greens, Brussel sprouts, shrimp and scallops
- 维生素D：乳制品或补充
- dha：鸡蛋，鱼源或补充
- Iodine:dairy, tuna, shrimp, eggs, iodized table salt
- 铁：dark meats, strained meats or supplement
- Selenium:tuna, shrimp, turkey, chicken, cottage cheese, brown rice, eggs, bread and baked beans
- 锌：meats, chickpeas, baked beans, yogurt and oatmeal
有关如何引入食物的提示，请查看：我的孩子什么时候可以开始吃固体食物？专家的提示。”
底线
在最初的1000天内，良好的营养是一个机会，可以使您的孩子享受健康，充实的未来。
To ensure the best possible future for your baby:
- 吃健康的饮食并在怀孕期间接受适当的产前护理
- 如果可能的话，母乳或泵
- Make sure your baby has a healthy diet
- 参加所有计划孩子的访问
除了良好的营养外，还要确保给您的宝宝很多爱和关注，以使他们感到安全；向宝宝阅读和唱歌是一起享受特殊活动的绝佳例子。
如果您对孩子的营养需求和发展还有其他疑问，请与之交谈您的医疗保健提供者或孩子的儿科医生。
相关文章：
- Common Breastfeeding Challenges and How to Fix Them
- 喂养1至3岁的技巧
- 5 Tips for a Happy and Healthy Pregnancy
