Although getting pregnant is an exciting (life-altering) experience for most women, it can be a bit overwhelming with frequent doctor visits and all theinformation to digest and decisions to make。Not to mention all the unsolicited advice you’ll possibly get: “Do this, don’t do that, eat this, not that, remember this, etc.”
虽然未经请求的建议可能有点压力，但您对医生的旅行不应该是。确保您的健康状况和宝宝的重要组成部分在您怀孕期间拥有某些产前和筛查测试。
“Prenatal testing is important because it provides information to the mother and allows her to make well-informed decisions regarding her baby,” said林恩·科普拉, MD, a maternal and fetal medicine specialist at横幅——大学医学中心涂cson。“In high-risk cases, it allows for optimal planning for multi-disciplinary care prior to the delivery.”
Your doctor will perform a series of assessments over the course of your pregnancy to make sure you and your baby are staying healthy. These tests also let your doctor know if they need to adjust or to accommodate your care for any special conditions.
Prenatal Screening Tests: What to Expect During Every Trimester
Pregnancy includes an array of routine and specialized tests. We’ve put together a list of the screening tests you can expect— or may consider—during yourfirst,second和第三trimester when it comes to tracking your baby’s health and your own.
Optional Testing: Chromosomal and Genetic Screening and Testing*
Based on your health and家史, your doctor can also use prenatal screenings and diagnostic tests:
- 遗传筛查可以识别你的宝宝是否或多或少有可能有一定的出生缺陷，但他们不会告诉你他们是否有条件。这些包括血液测试和超声波。
- Diagnostic tests将要确认结果whether your baby has any birth defects or genetic or chromosomal disorders, such as cystic fibrosis orDown syndrome。这些试验包括羊膜穿刺和绒毛膜绒毛采样。
Although genetic screening tests are routinely offered to all women, they are considered optional. Diagnostic tests are generally reserved for women with high-risk results. Diagnostic tests can help you learn more about your baby’s condition and how to care for them after delivery.
“Most pregnant women have a low risk of having a baby with a significant genetic condition but still may consider genetic screening tests to determine the chance of this happening,” Dr. Coppola said. “Talk to your doctor about which prenatal tests are right for you.”
遗传筛查：
- A nuchal translucency (11-14 weeks)is an ultrasound scan that measures the size of the clear space in the tissue at the back of the baby’s neck to screen for fetal abnormalities.
- A non-invasive prenatal cell-free DNA screening (after 10 weeks)is now offered for all pregnant women to identify if their baby is higher risk for chromosome abnormalities. This blood test screens for Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Trisomy 18, 13 and sex chromosome abnormalities.
- A quad screen (15-20 weeks)是一种孕产妇血液筛查，用于寻找血液中的特定物质，与您的年龄和种族相结合，以评估遗传疾病的概率。
Diagnostic Tests:
- 诊断测试，如绒毛膜绒毛采样（11-14周）或羊膜穿刺（15周后）are used for a definitive diagnosis of a genetic condition. These invasive tests take a sample of the placenta or amniotic fluid with a needle.
Speak to a Genetic Counselor
产前筛查和诊断测试可以帮助您提出重要的医疗保健决策，但重要的是与您的医生或遗传顾问谈论结果以及它们的意思很重要。一个遗传辅导员可以帮助您决定在积极的结果之后做什么，如果他们患有疾病，那么你的孩子会发生什么样的生活。
Related Reading
*If you’re considering chromosomal or genetic screening and tests, talk to your doctor. If you have private insurance, check for insurance coverage and a preferred lab. Some insurance companies don’t cover some genetic testing. If not covered, call or discuss with your doctor.
