A，B，C ... D和E.
除了与它相关的字母，您对肝炎的了解了多少？类型有什么区别？如果获得肝炎的疫苗接种，您可以保护哪种疫苗？
我们用Moises Ilan Nevah，MD，横幅 - 大学医疗中心凤凰城肝移植计划的移植肝脏学家/胃肠学家和医疗主任讲话，以帮助更好地了解各类肝炎之间的相似性和差异，患有风险和风险何时接种疫苗。
什么是肝炎？
“肝炎” means inflammation of the liver. It can have many causes, including viruses, medications, fatty infiltration (an accumulation of excess fat in the liver) and alcohol. Most commonly, however, we think of the viruses, called hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. There are several other viruses that cause inflammation of the liver, including hepatitis D and hepatitis E, but they are not as common in the United States as in other parts of the world.
The A, B, Cs of hepatitis
肝炎A
甲型肝炎病毒导致肝脏的急性炎症几乎总是自行变得更好，尽管如果你在年龄较大时可能更严重，或者你已经患有肝脏疾病。它很容易从人物，在食物和水中传播到人物，并且可以立即感染很多人。例如，如果餐厅的食品处理程序感染甲型肝炎，那么那些食用该处理器的食物可能会被感染。通过接种疫苗可以防止乙型肝炎A.
肝炎B
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）可以是急性（短期疾病）和慢性（持续的疾病），并以各种方式通过血液或其他体液。乙型肝炎在亚洲和非洲非常普遍，并且应该检查在这些地区的乙型肝炎的人乙型肝炎。如乙型肝炎，疫苗可用于预防患有HBV感染，只要您之前未暴露。虽然慢性HBV不能治愈，但有口服药物可用于治疗和控制病毒。
肝炎C
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）几乎总是慢性慢性，主要通过直接血液与血液接触来蔓延。虽然可以通过疫苗接种可以防止乙型肝炎和B，但是丙型肝炎不能。然而，目前的口服药物可用，无论事先治疗历史如何，都能够在所有病例中的95％治疗丙型肝炎。
Recognizing the symptoms
急性肝炎的症状包括染色皮肤和眼睛，恶心，发热和疲劳。另一方面，慢性肝炎可能没有症状，并且可以持续多年。
了解您对慢性丙型肝炎的风险
Because chronic hepatitis may have no symptoms, it is important to know your risk for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Risk factors include:
- 那些在1992年之前重塑血液或血液产品的人（鉴定HCV时）。
- 那些在1945年至1965年之间出生的人。
- 那些或正在尝试静脉内药物的人。
- Those who have snorted or are snorting cocaine.
- 那些用非无菌针纹身的人。
- Those who have had unprotected multiple sexual partners.
- Those with HIV.
- 孩子们出生于母亲的HCV感染。
Although these are the most common ways to acquire Hepatitis C, there are other risk factors that can lead to infection. Thus, in 2020 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its screening guidelines torecommend all adults 18 years or older get screenedat least once in their lifetime for HCV.
According to the CDC, in the United States there are about用丙型肝炎的240万人生活and乙型肝炎120万。Both viruses are even more common in other parts of the world.
慢性乙肝病毒和慢性丙肝病毒可导致肝硬化or scarring of the liver. In some cases, it can lead to cancer of the liver or liver failure, both of which may require a liver transplant.
如何预防肝炎
涅瓦赫博士说，“预防是关键”。疫苗接种适用于肝炎A和B.
CDC建议所有12个月和23个月之间的所有儿童接种甲型肝炎，以及6至11个月，他在国际上旅行的任何婴儿。如果您有2至18岁的儿童没有接种疫苗，他们也应该接种疫苗。
For hepatitis B, the CDC recommends all babies be vaccinated with the first dose given as newborns. However, all children younger than 19 years of age who have not yet gotten the vaccine should be vaccinated.
访问CDC网站，了解有关高风险群体和关于两者疫苗的建议的其他信息乙型肝炎and乙型肝炎。
“In addition to getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene (such as handwashing after using the restroom) is very important to preventing hepatitis A,” said Dr. Nevah. “In addition, hepatitis B and C can be transmitted by sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes with someone who has the disease.”
要了解有关肝炎风险的更多信息，请与您的医疗保健提供者交谈或访问BannerHealth.comvwin.comac德赢官方首页 。
