什么是哮喘？

哮喘是一种慢性疾病，通过在管中和从肺部输出空气的管子中引起收缩，从而影响肺中的气道。哮喘通常是在童年时期开始的，但它可能会影响人们生活的各个阶段。它经常会导致胸部喘息，咳嗽或紧绷的感觉。这些症状的范围从轻度到重度范围，每天或不经常发生。

虽然哮喘可能是严重的，而且威胁生命，但对于大多数人来说，这是一种可控制的慢性病。这也很普遍。有超过2500万的美国人患有哮喘，这种情况影响了大约10％的成年女性和6％的成年男性。如果您被诊断出患有哮喘，我们的富有同情心的医生会在这里提供帮助。

哮喘的分类

Asthma is classified in terms of its severity. There are four classifications, including:

• 间歇性哮喘- 您的症状每周不到两次，每月醒来不到两晚。
• Mild persistent asthma- 您每周两天有两天或更多天的症状，每月醒来三到四个晚上。
• Moderate persistent asthma- 您至少每天都有症状，每周醒来一个或多个晚上。
• Severe persistent asthma— You have symptoms during the day and wake up every night due to asthma.

哮喘的症状和体征

当您的气道收缩时会发生哮喘症状，并且可以包括：

• 喘息
• Coughing, especially at night
• 气促
• 胸痛，紧绷或压力
• Fast heart rate
• 喉咙刺激

Not everybody with asthma will experience the same symptoms in the same ways. You might not have all of these symptoms, or you may experience different symptoms at different times. Your asthma symptoms can also vary from one asthma attack to the next, being mild during one and severe during another. Some people with asthma may go for extended periods without having any symptoms, whereas others might have asthma symptoms every day.

What Is an Asthma Attack?

An asthma attack is the term used for when the airways constrict and you may experience symptoms. This tightening and constricting is called a bronchospasm. During an attack, the airways can also become swollen and inflamed and your body produces more mucus. The constriction, inflammation and mucus production are what can cause you to experience the symptoms of wheezing, difficulty breathing or coughing. Asthma attacks can feel scary because you may struggle to breathe.

轻度哮喘发作比严重的攻击更为普遍，通常在几分钟内到几个小时后消退。轻度哮喘发作的治疗通常涉及使用吸入器。严重的哮喘攻击不太普遍，但持续时间更长，可能需要立即提供医疗帮助。重要的是要识别和治疗哮喘发作的轻度症状，以帮助您防止严重发作并控制哮喘。

类型的哮喘

There are different types of asthma and they can vary in severity. The things that can trigger asthma attack can also vary. In addition to the different types, asthma can also be classified by when symptoms begin, childhood asthma vs adult-onset asthma.

儿童/小儿哮喘

儿童/小儿肺病专注于儿童肺部的疾病和呼吸问题。常见疾病包括哮喘，肺炎，喘息和支气管炎。Learn more about childhood asthma.

Allergic Asthma

遭受苦难的人季节性过敏can also have asthma that accompanies them. Over half of asthma cases involve allergies of some kind. The most common allergens that trigger asthma are pollen, mold, dust mites and pet dander. The predominant cause of allergic asthma is genetic predisposition along with hypersensitivity to certain triggers. Managing allergic asthma requires treating your allergies andlearning to avoid potential triggers.

非过敏性哮喘

非过敏性哮喘比过敏性哮喘不那么普遍，这种哮喘经常在以后的生活中发展，并且可能更为严重。非过敏性哮喘仍然涉及可能引起哮喘攻击的触发因素，但触发因素不是过敏原。取而代之的是，它们可以是寒冷的天气，干燥的空气，二手烟，病毒或感染，胃灼热，强烈的气味，污染甚至焦虑等强烈的感觉。

夜间哮喘

Nocturnal asthma is when you have more frequent or more severe asthma symptoms at night. It can occur if you have allergic asthma or non-allergic asthma and is more common in adults than children. Nocturnal asthma can be brought on by nighttime-specific triggers, like pet dander in your bedroom or cold air. It can also be brought on by changes that occur in your body at night as your circadian rhythm causes hormonal changes. Nocturnal asthma can be accompanied bysleep apneaas well, and the two can worsen each other.

运动引起的支气管收缩

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction occurs when cardiovascular exercise causes the airways in the lungs to constrict, resulting in shortness of breath. About 90% of people with asthma experience exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, but not all people who experience exercise-induced bronchoconstriction have asthma. There are environmental factors that can cause this reaction in people without asthma, or worsen an attack in people with asthma. These factors include cold air, hot air like in a hot yoga studio, chlorine, strong odors or the presence of allergens. Symptoms will usually happen within 30 minutes of starting exercise, but can continue for 10 to 15 minutes even after you stop. If you experience constricted airways and difficulty breathing beyond what is caused from the exercise itself, have an inhaler on hand so that you can treat attacks when they happen.学习如何使用吸入器.

职业哮喘

当您暴露于工作场所的物质时，随着时间的流逝会刺激肺并对它们引起敏感性时，就会发生职业哮喘。这些物质包括某些清洁产品之类的东西；模子;包括盐酸，二氧化硫和氨的化学物质；昆虫;乳胶和油漆。职业哮喘约占哮喘病例的15％，几乎仅在成年人中。有250种以上的物质可以导致职业哮喘，如果您在面包店，农场，制造厂，实验室，磨坊或金属或木材加工设施中工作，则面临更高的风险。

Cough-variant Asthma

咳嗽变化的哮喘通常只有一种症状，一个干咳嗽。因为症状是如此温和，所以您可能不知道自己有一种哮喘。就其本身而言，咳嗽变化并不是引起重大关注的原因。但是，大约有三分之一的患有咳嗽变异哮喘的人继续发展更严重的过敏或非过敏性哮喘。如果您注意到自己正在醒来或运动后发生咳嗽，在寒冷，干燥的天气或伴随季节性过敏的情况下恶化，请与您的医生预约。

在Ba主頁(欢迎您)nner Health，我们致力于有效和富有同情心的哮喘。我们的医生在这里为如何与哮喘享受良好生活提供专家治疗和支持和个性化指导。

了解有关哮喘生活的更多信息.