黑色素瘤治疗，副作用和支持

Banner MD Anderson癌症中心的多学科团队为黑色素瘤患者提供了最先进的治疗方法。医学，外科和放射肿瘤学家，整形外科医生，放射科医生和病理学家都共同制定个性化的黑色素瘤治疗计划，以满足您的特定需求。

黑色素瘤如何治疗？

Based on the stage of your cancer and other factors, your treatment options might include:

Surgery for Melanoma

Surgery is the main treatment for melanoma and usually it can cure the cancer in its early stages. For more advanced melanoma, surgery may be combined with other therapies.

• Wide excision:黑色素瘤的常见外科手术是一种广泛的切除。外科医生小心地切出黑色素瘤和周围的一些正常皮肤。通常是作为门诊手术完成的。您可能需要针迹或皮肤移植物，可能需要几个星期才能治愈。疤痕的量取决于切口的大小。如果您有皮肤移植物，请特别照顾供体区域，直到它也可以愈合。
• 前哨淋巴结活检：For more aggressive melanomas, your surgeon may do a minimally invasive surgical approach called lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Lymph nodes near the primary tumor site are removed and carefully checked for cancer. These “sentinel” lymph nodes are closest to the cancer, therefore the most likely places the melanoma would spread. If the sentinel lymph nodes are cancer free, then the other lymph nodes don’t need to be checked or removed. If the sentinel lymph nodes contain melanoma, your doctor will discuss further surgery and treatment.
• 区域淋巴结转移：If melanoma has spread to regional lymph nodes, your doctor may recommend a lymph node dissection (lymphadenectomy). A “compartment” or group of lymph nodes likely affected by the cancer is surgically removed. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia. Drain tubes are placed to facilitate recovery, which takes several weeks. Depending on the cancer’s spread, radiation therapy and/or immunotherapy also may be recommended. A possible side effect of lymph node dissection is lymphedema, which causes fluid to pool in the arms or legs.
• Metastatic melanoma (stage IV):Surgery may be used to treat melanoma that has spread to distant parts of the body. However, melanoma that has metastasized is very unlikely to be cured by surgery. In these circumstances, surgery is done to try to control the cancer, but not cure it.

Recovery from Melanoma Surgery

Most wounds take one to three weeks to heal. If you have a skin graft, healing may take longer. Some soreness around the wound is normal and taking over-the-counter pain medicine can help.

Common side effects of melanoma surgery:Infection, fluid buildup, problems with wound healing, numbness or tingling, pain, blood clots, scarring.

黑色素瘤的免疫疗法

免疫疗法使用药物来刺激你的免疫system and fight melanoma. It boosts your body’s natural defenses using materials made in your body or a lab to improve, target or restore immune system function. Although immunotherapy can be effective in treating melanoma, there are possible side effects.

免疫疗法的常见副作用：皮肤反应，流感样症状，腹泻，体重改变。

Targeted Therapies for Melanoma

靶向治疗使用药物靶向癌症，阻止其生长和扩散，同时限制对健康细胞的损害。黑色素瘤的靶向疗法类型可能包括：B-RAF抑制剂，试剂盒抑制剂，MEK抑制剂等。靶向疗法通常比其他治疗疗法的严重副作用要少。

有针对性疗法的常见副作用：皮疹，恶心，腹泻，肿胀，对阳光的敏感性。

Chemotherapy for Melanoma

Chemotherapy for melanoma is only used when both immunotherapy and targeted therapy are not effective. Chemotherapy drugs attack cancer cells through the bloodstream. It’s most used in advanced melanoma and sometimes in conjunction with other treatments. Chemotherapy does have side effects, and these usually go away after treatment is finished.

化学疗法的常见副作用：疲劳，感染，恶心，呕吐，指甲变化，食欲不振，腹泻，神经损伤，脱发。

Radiation Therapy for Melanoma

放射疗法使用高能X射线杀死癌细胞。黑色素瘤治疗使用外束放射疗法，该疗法是从人体外部进行的，并阻止了非癌症区域，从而减少了副作用。有时，放射疗法与其他治疗方法结合使用，以减少癌症的大小或防止癌症的大小。放射疗法副作用通常是温和的，可以用非处方药治疗，并在治疗完成后消失。

Common side effects of radiation therapy:皮肤刺激，发红，疼痛，疲劳

黑色素瘤的临床试验

Depending on your type of cancer, stage and other health factors, you may qualify to participate in a clinical trial. These carefully controlled and highly regulated research studies need volunteer patients in order to progress promising new treatment techniques.

临床试验在Banner MD，Anderson是根据国家癌症研究所进行的。与您的医生谈谈目前可用的临床试验，资格和其他准则。

黑色素瘤Treatment Support

癌症及其治疗会导致身体症状，并在情感上影响您。我们的Integrative Oncology Program提供支持服务，重点是改善您在治疗和照顾您和家人的非医疗需求时的感受。这通常包括按摩，针灸和支持组等疗法。

黑色素瘤Survivorship Care

班纳·安德森（MD Anderson）helps melanoma survivors live life to the fullest after cancer. When patients complete active treatment for their cancer, you will be seen by the survivorship care team. Patients will be given a personalized care plan, called a survivorship care plan. This plan summarizes the type of cancer, the treatment received and any potential late and long-term side effects from those treatments. The survivorship team will work with other Cancer Center specialists to address any issues and concerns. Patients may transition from the melanoma care team to the survivorship team for all annual follow ups when the melanoma team feels that there is a low risk for recurrence.

为您选择最佳的治疗选择是您癌症旅程中最重要的决定之一，我们在这里为您提供了这一过程。我们为每个患者定制一个治疗计划，以确保您为自己的特定需求提供正确的护理。我们在这里为您服务的每一步。