神经系统是一个复杂的高度专业化网络。从视觉到闻到的声音再到说话，我们的神经系统组织，解释并将我们与周围的世界联系起来。
“我们的神经系统由我们身体的一些最重要的部位组成：大脑，脊髓，肌肉和连接它们的神经。”克里斯蒂娜·克里斯曼（Christina Chrisman），医学博士，一名神经肌肉神经科医生横幅 - 大学医学中心凤凰城。“他们负责我们体内许多重要的功能，例如记忆，感知，语言，运动，吞咽，呼吸，甚至肠和膀胱功能。”
When something goes wrong with a part of the nervous system, however, it can cause a neurological disorder.Neurological disorders每年都会影响数百万人，但许多人可能没有意识到他们有一个。
了解神经系统疾病的症状很重要，因为它可以导致您进行适当的诊断和治疗。这是六种常见的神经系统疾病和识别每种神经疾病的方法。
1. Headaches
Headaches是最常见的神经系统疾病之一吗and can affect anyone at any age. While many times a headache shouldn’t be anything too serious to worry about, if your headache comes on suddenly and repeatedly, you should see a doctor, as these could be symptoms of an underlying condition.
“The sudden onset of severe headache as well as headache associated with a fever, light sensitivity and stiff neck are all red flags of something more serious such as intracranial bleeding ormeningitis,” Dr. Chrisman said. “If your headaches are happening often and you find yourself taking over-the-counter pain medication frequently, this is also an indication you need medical attention.”
虽然头痛障碍如张力型头痛和偏头痛不会威胁生命，处理慢性疼痛可能会使人衰弱。有许多治疗选择今天可用于头痛障碍，可以帮助您恢复正常的生活。
2.癫痫和癫痫发作
Epilepsy是一种常见的神经系统疾病，涉及大脑中异常的电活动，使您更容易患有无常见的癫痫发作。Chrisman博士说：“无端的意味着无法通过暴露或从毒品或酒精中退出来解释癫痫发作，以及由于其他医学问题，例如严重的电解质异常或非常高血糖，” Chrisman博士说。
这tricky part is that if you have one seizure in your life, it doesn’t necessarily mean you have epilepsy. But, if you have two or more, it may be epilepsy. Seizure symptoms can vary depending on where in the brain the seizure is coming from. After experiencing a seizure, it’s important to去看医生。有许多effective treatments to manage epilepsy that can result in seizure-freedom, usually medication. “In the appropriate patient, treatment may include epilepsy surgery, which involves removing the seizure focus in the brain, and that can be curative,” Dr. Chrisman said.
3. Stroke
中风，影响近80万美国人克里斯曼博士警告说，每年，“由于潜在症状的严重程度和可能发生的残疾，是最关键的神经系统疾病之一。”
中风通常是由于缺乏向大脑的血液流动，通常是由于动脉中的凝块或阻塞引起的。可以做许多干预措施停止中风这些天，但是在这种情况下，时间是大脑（不是金钱）。这B.E. F.A.S.T.mnemonic is helpful to remember torecognize the signsof a stroke: B: Balance difficulties; E: Eyesight changes; F: Face weakness; A: Arm weakness; S: Speech; and T: Time. These signs and symptoms don’t always mean someone is having a stroke, but it’s very important to call 911 and get help right away, just to be sure.
通过访问我们中风风险分析师。
4. ALS：肌萎缩性侧索硬化症
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a somewhat rare neuromuscular condition that affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Doctors are unsure what exactly causes ALS, but factors that may cause ALS include genetics and environmental factors.
Symptomsinclude muscle weakness and twitching, tight and stiff muscles, slurred speech, and difficulty breathing and swallowing. Unfortunately, this condition is difficult to diagnose and often requires the evaluation of a neuromuscular neurologist.
“There is usually a delay in diagnosis for this condition of about one year, on average, by the time the patient gets to the neuromuscular specialist and receives the correct diagnosis,” Dr. Chrisman said. “Although there is no cure, there are treatments, and it’s important to start these as early as possible.”
5. Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
Memory loss is a common complaint, especially in older adults. A certain degree of记忆丧失是衰老的正常部分。例如，走进房间，忘记为什么可能完全正常。
However, there are signs that may indicate something more serious, such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. These symptoms may include getting lost, having difficulty managing finances, difficulties with activities of daily living, leaving the stove on, forgetting the names of close family and friends or problems with language. Behavioral changes along with these memory changes could also raise concerns.
Dementia是一种缓慢的疾病，应由神经科医生评估。尽管没有治愈方法，但有一些药物和疗法可以帮助治疗症状。
6.帕金森氏病
帕金森氏病is a progressive nervous system disorder that primarily affects coordination. Generally, it becomes more common as you age, impacting nearly一百万美国人。目前，尚无治愈帕金森氏病的方法，但是有许多治疗选择。
随着时间的流逝，帕金森氏病的症状通常会恶化。Chrisman博士说：“您可能会在疾病的早期就经历姿势，步行和面部表情的变化，并且在疾病后期可能会出现认知和行为问题。”要了解有关疾病症状的更多信息，请阅读“帕金森氏病的5个阶段。”
立即寻求帮助
如果您经历了突然和严重的神经系统症状，请致电911或让您开车到最近的急诊室。这对于排除或确认中风并让您有资格获得潜在的挽救生命的治疗尤其重要。
Seizures are also quite serious, so it’s important to seek prompt medical attention for a new onset of seizures and to be aware of safety restrictions, such as not operating heavy machinery, and precautions for your safety as well as the safety of others.
Otherwise, neurological disorders may be slowly progressive and require a specialist to diagnose. Neurology has many different sub-specialties, including neuromuscular disorders, movement disorders and headache. Seek a consultation with a neurologist who specializes in the particular condition for your case to help ensure you receive the best outcome in the long run. To find a Banner Health neurological specialist near you, visitbannerhealth.com。
相关阅读：
- Understanding and Interpreting Early Symptoms of MS
- Top 5 Things to Know About Parkinson’s Disease
- How to Plan Ahead for Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care
- 偏头痛疼痛：您什么时候应该担心？
