Breast Cancer Treatments, Side Effects, and Support

如果您被诊断出患有乳腺癌，那么您的意思，您的感觉以及如何决定要做什么。Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center的团队在您身边，以支持您乳腺癌的各个方面。我们采取全面的乳腺癌治疗方法。您的护理团队包括美国一些顶级医疗，外科和放射肿瘤学家，以及临床护士导航员，可以在您的整个护理过程中与您紧密合作。

如何治疗乳腺癌？

Banner MD Anderson与您合作制定定制计划，以确保我们为您提供最有效的策略。

手术

手术是一种常见的乳腺癌最混乱关系的一部分atment. It’s done for different reasons such as to remove the cancer, find out if the cancer has spread, restore the breast’s shape or relieve symptoms.

• 去除乳腺癌的手术
  • Breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy, quadrantectomy, partial mastectomy or segmental mastectomy):Only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed, as well as some surrounding tissue.
  • Mastectomy:整个乳房被去除，包括所有乳腺组织，有时甚至其他附近的组织。有时，在乳房切除术期间可以保存皮肤和/或乳头以帮助重建。

乳腺癌早期的患者可能可以选择进行乳腺癌手术，然后进行放射治疗或乳房切除术。对于这些患者，研究表明，何时将乳房的手术与放射线结合在一起，生存率与乳房切除术相同。

Mastectomy may be a better option for some women with certain types of breast cancer, a large tumor size, previous treatment with radiation or other factors.

• 乳房重建
  • Breast reconstruction can be done during breast cancer surgery or in the future. During reconstruction, a plastic surgeon uses an implant or tissue from another part of the body to recreate the breast. Because this procedure is not considered cosmetic surgery, it’s covered by most health insurance plans.了解有关乳房重建选择的更多信息。
• 放射性种子定位（RSL）
  • RSL可以帮助外科医生准确定位和去除乳腺肿瘤，从而保留健康的组织。放射性种子是一个微小的夹子，带有信号嵌入其中。在放置种子期间，使用乳房X线照片或超声来定位异常组织，并使用针头将种子沉积在肿瘤部位。在手术期间，您的外科医生使用特殊的探针，该探针从种子发出的信号定位肿瘤。这样，可以以极佳的精度将肿瘤和种子一起去除。
• 手术to Remove Lymph Nodes
  • 作为乳腺癌手术的一部分或在单独的手术过程中，可以去除腋窝（腋下）淋巴结。淋巴结的分析对于了解癌症阶段很重要。
    • 前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）：示踪剂被注入乳房，以映射到收集乳房排水的第一组淋巴结。这些淋巴结称为前哨淋巴结，是首先受乳腺癌影响的淋巴结。
    • Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND): Almost all of the underarm lymph nodes are removed.
• 晚期乳腺癌手术
  • 手术for more advanced stages of breast cancer likely can’t cure the disease, but it can slow the spread or treat symptoms.

Radiation Therapy

放射疗法使用高能X射线杀死癌细胞并收缩肿瘤。对于乳腺癌患者，可以使用辐射：

• Kill any remaining cancer cells after breast-conserving surgery
• Reduce tumor size and spread following a mastectomy
• Treat specific areas of the body affected by metastatic breast cancer, sometimes combined with chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy

Banner MD Andersonoffers a variety of radiation therapies. If your care team recommends radiation therapy as part of your treatment, be sure to ask questions about how it works, how you’ll feel and what results to expect. Our team is here to help you get the information you need to be comfortable about making breast cancer treatment decisions.

Chemotherapy

化学疗法药物杀死整个体内的癌细胞。根据您的癌症和整体健康状况，规定了不同的药物。治疗乳腺癌的化学疗法药物通常以静脉注射或针头给予。但是它们也可以口服。可以在手术前或之后单独使用化学疗法，也可以与放射治疗结合使用。

在一些早期阶段,患者可以使用gene-expression profiling to predict if they would benefit from chemotherapy or to help assess the likelihood breast cancer will return.

Hormone (Endocrine) Therapy

Hormone therapy uses drugs that either lower estrogen levels or block estrogen from breast cancer cells.

靶向疗法

Targeted therapy uses drugs that target specific molecules in invasive breast cancer cell growth and progression.

Immunotherapy

免疫疗法使用新型药物来刺激患者的免疫系统来对抗癌症。目前，它专门用于三重阴性乳腺癌。

Integrative Therapies

Banner MD Andersonbuilds every patient’s breast cancer treatment plan specific to her needs. In addition to medical treatment, we offer a full range of integrative therapies to relieve your symptoms and side effects and improve your quality of life.Learn more about our Integrative Oncology Program.

临床试验

医生和科学家一直在努力治愈乳腺癌并改善治疗选择。您可能有资格参加乳腺癌疗法的临床试验。与您的横幅MD Anderson Care团队谈谈临床试验。

Side Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment

There are a lot of factors to consider when making decisions about your breast cancer treatment, including potential side effects. If you have a question or something is unclear, ask us. We can provide information, resources and tools to help you weigh all your options.

Most breast cancer treatments have side effects. The good news is that most side effects of breast cancer can be treated and ease once treatment is completed.

Across all breast cancer treatment, the most frequently severe side effects include pain, skin irritation and constipation. Depending on the treatment, you may experience:

• 手术 - 疼痛和淋巴水肿
• Hormone therapy –hot flashes, joint pain and bone thinning
• Chemotherapy – hair loss, diarrhea, neuropathy, fatigue and mouth sores
• 放射疗法 - 瘙痒，酸痛和剥皮皮肤
• Targeted therapies – vomiting, fatigue and diarrhea

对乳腺癌患者的资源和支持

We now offer new ways of preventing hair loss during chemotherapy using the newly approved scalp cooling cap. These cooling caps can prevent hair loss in up to 75% of women.

Making sure you’re physically comfortable, free from pain and emotionally supported is extremely important to all of us at Banner MD Anderson. Be open with us about your feelings, preferences and concerns. We’re here to help.

Get more information on Banner MD Anderson’s support services, including breast cancer support groups, with our综合肿瘤学计划。